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Postage stamps and postal history of Aden
Aden is a city in southern Yemen. Aden's location made it a popular exchange port for mail passing between places around the Indian Ocean and Europe. When Captain S. B. Haines of the Indian Marine, the East India Company's navy, occupied Aden on 19 January 1839,〔( India. Foreign and Political Dept., ''Precis of Papers Regarding Aden, 1838-1872,'' Government Central Branch Press, 1876, p.4. )〕 mail services were immediately established in the settlement with a complement of two postal clerks and four letter carriers.〔( Frederick Mercer Hunter, ''An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia,'' pp.151 ''et seq.,'' London, Trübner (1877) ISBN 9781313803939 )〕 An interim postmaster was appointed as early as June 1839.〔( Sismondo's Classics: Notes on the postmarks and postal history of Aden in the classic period 1840-1900. )〕 Mail is known to exist from 15 June 1839 although a regular postmaster was not appointed until 1857; one of the officials of the Political Agent or the civil surgeon performed the duties of postmaster for a small salary.〔Rossiter & Flower, p.223.〕
== Stamps of British India ==
By the Indian Post Office Act of 1837 (Section XX) all private vessels were required to carry letters at prescribed rates for postage.〔(Acts of the government of India from 1834 to 1838 inclusive: Ordered to be ... p.66. On line. )〕 A handstamp was applied to preadhesive ship letters in Aden; although these handstamps were used until 1867, examples are rarely seen.〔J. L. R. Croft, "Aden Ship Letters", ''The Philatelist,'' (December 1868) p.70.〕
The Aden Settlement used adhesive postage stamps of British India from 1 October 1854 until Aden became a crown colony on 1 April 1937. As an outpost of the British East Indian empire, Aden was supplied with India's first lithographed adhesives, which became available in Aden just as they were issued on the Indian mainland. Until 1857, the only Aden post office was in the Crater, later known as Aden Cantonment or Aden Camp. Mails were carried by camel to and from Steamer Point. In 1857 a Postmaster was appointed and the main post office was moved to new quarters at Steamer Point.〔Robson Lowe, ''Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps,'' v. III (1950), p.43.〕 Covers from Aden with the Indian lithographed stamps are rare.〔M. A. M. Graham, "The Postal History of Aden: The Introduction of the First Indian Adhesives", ''The Philatelist'' (April, 1966), p.186.〕〔J. L. R. Croft, "The First Indian Adhesives Used in Aden - I", ''The Philatelist,'' August 1966, pp.310-11. A cover with 16 of the half-anna stamps was posted from Aden to Madras, arriving 9 November 1854.〕〔Robson Lowe, ''Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps,'' v. III (1950), p.53.〕
Although these stamps did not have an Aden overprint, many of them may be recognised (even off cover) from the frequent use of the number 124 in postmarks, a number assigned to Aden as part of the Indian post office identification system. However, other numbers and letters also were used to identify the offices in Aden: these include 132,〔E. W. Proud, "The '132' Used in India and Aden", ''India Post,'' v.37 no. 157 (November 2003), p.142.〕 125, A/125, B and B-22.〔R. W. Pratt, ''Postal History of British Aden, 1839-1967,'' ed. E. B. Proud, Proud-Bailey Co Ltd. (1985), ISBN 1872465005.〕
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